What Happens When You Type a URL in the Browser?

Question: Walk through, step by step, everything that happens from typing a URL (e.g. zomato.com) in the browser to the page rendering on screen.

Answer outline: DNS resolution (browser cache -> OS cache -> resolver -> root/TLD/authoritative nameservers) maps the domain to an IP. The browser opens a TCP connection (three-way handshake) to that IP, performs a TLS handshake if HTTPS. The browser sends an HTTP request; the server (possibly behind a CDN/load balancer/gateway) processes it and returns an HTTP response. The browser parses the HTML, builds the DOM, fetches and applies CSS (CSSOM), executes JavaScript, constructs the render tree, and paints pixels to the screen.